Passataquack

According to archeologists’ accounts, Indigenous people have been in this region for 13,000 years. The Indigenous associated with Portsmouth were called the Passataquack, a tribe of the Pawtucket Confederacy. They are part of a larger group of people who called themselves Wabanaki or “People of the First Light.” Portsmouth’s Piscataqua River was the gateway into a network of waterways that the region’s Wabanaki people relied on for trade, fishing, and hunting. The river’s name, a Wabanaki term, refers to the branches of the river as it spreads out – “the place where the river divides.” The Passataquack living in the region grew corn, beans, and squash but much of what they consumed came from the river. To this day some historic Indigenous fishing weirs continue to operate in the Piscataqua watershed such as the one located in Newmarket on the Lamprey River. Early engagements between Indigenous and European colonists led to widespread illness and death from old world diseases. A 1633 colonial government report makes this clear: “This infectious disease [the small-pox] spread to Pascataquack, where all the Indians (except one or two) died.” Over the ensuing decades, the surviving members of the tribe created new alliances and acquired greater immunity to these diseases.

Exterior view of Rundlet-May House, Portsmouth, N.H.

Planning and Construction

Records abound from the planning and construction of Rundlet-May House. The archive of material includes a building schedule, bills paid to workmen for materials, and other accounts. The records fall into two major categories: labor and materials. The accounts even show how much was spent on rum for the workmen: $186.75. The latter gives us a full picture of the house’s construction from start to finish, including the plan for the landscape. James Rundlet chooses pear and poplar trees, grapevines, and rose bushes for his extensive garden. These records allow us to reconstruct the cost of material and labor to build a fine house in the Federal Period.

Perhaps the most persistent question is who designed the house. There is no record of design plans or the individual responsible. However Rundlet’s personal interest in buildings is evidenced by the books in his library, the fact that he designed at least one shop facade, purchased drawing paper in 1807 (the year before construction began), and sold builders’ guides in 1809 when his family was nicely settled in their new home. These pieces of evidence lead historians to believe that Rundlet may well have designed the house himself.

James Rundlet

James Rundlet built his house at age thirty-five. He married Jane Hill Rundlet, with whom he had thirteen children, seven of which were born before the family moved to the new house in 1808. James Rundlet was a native of Exeter, New Hampshire, and the son of a yeoman farmer. He attended the newly formed Phillips Academy in Exeter at age twelve. He moved to Portsmouth in 1794 to become a businessman and made a fortune as a merchant and manufacturer. Upon his arrival in Portsmouth in 1794, Rundlet tried his hand at the dry goods trade and eventually focused on textiles. Invoices surviving from 1802 detail the overwhelming variety of fabrics that were purchased and sold by Rundlet. They include fine velveteen and lace and also more common fabrics like flannel and baize. Rundlet operated a textile shop in downtown Portsmouth, where another import shop still operates today. Rundlet did not engage in the shipping aspect of trade, owning two ships for only two years in 1814 and 1815.

The War of 1812 proved a boon for James Rundlet. Like many New England merchants, the scarcity of British products and resulting higher prices proved profitable for the merchant, who sold to a largely New England-based clientele. Perhaps most notable is that Rundlet was awarded the contract to provide the United States government with cloth to make soldiers’ uniforms. After beginning his career in sales, the War of 1812 turned Rundlet into a successful manufacturer. In the years during the War of 1812, Rundlet earned between $15,000 and $18,000 per year, a significant portion of his vast wealth.

Rundlet Children

Louisa Catherine Rundlet, a younger daughter, married Hartford-born Savannah merchant George May in 1840. After George May’s early death in 1858, Louisa Catherine May returned to her childhood home with her own two children. Her twins, James and Jane May, named for her parents, grew up in Rundlet-May House. Portraits of Louisa and George, and many of George’s family, are displayed in the house.

Louisa’s brother, Dr. Edward Rundlet, also stayed in the house, running his medical practice from home. Like his father, Edward attended Phillips Academy in Exeter. He received his medical degree from Harvard University in 1829. It is possible that he conducted his practice in the back parlor, most recently used as a dining room, which is accessible by a semi-private entrance. There is some evidence that Edward also engaged in merchant activities, but spent most of his long life practicing medicine from his father’s home.

James R. and Mary Ann Morrison May

James Rundlet May, son of Louisa Catherine May, never left his childhood home. Like his Uncle Edward, James was a doctor, practicing out of the family home. During his and his wife Mary Ann’s occupancy, the house changed little. The Mays updated carpets and upholstery, but their mark is most noticed in the garden. James created a graveyard for the family’s many pets on the south edge of the property. Mary Ann, while maintaining James Rundlet’s original pathways and flower beds, updated some of the flower varieties by adding the peonies, tiger lilies, pinks, and roses popular with her generation. She also added the spiral trellises that remain on the grounds today.

Ralph and Gladys May

Ralph May (pictured) and his wife Gladys used Rundlet-May House as a summer retreat for much of their occupancy. In keeping with the Colonial Revival trend, the couple embraced their family history and decorated the home with James Rundlet’s furniture, family portraits, and decorative arts. They kept the peach damask wallpaper hung by James Rundlet when the house was built. Ralph, who was born in his mother’s childhood home, which had since become the Portsmouth Historical Society, was a dedicated scholar who wrote many short poems, essays, and histories of his hometown.

His interest in history led to a connection with Historic New England, then the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. He deeded the house to Historic New England in1971.

Becoming a Museum

Rundlet-May House represents four generations of one family, the Rundlets and Mays, who continuously occupied the space. Visitors to the site see James Rundlet’s Rumford roaster next to Ralph May’s General Electric range, and an eighteenth-century inkwell above a cable television outlet. The contents of the house reflect the changing aesthetics and values of four generations. The house challenges us to identify the changes, both technological and decorative, and develop an understanding of when and why they occurred.